Square Dots 方点
作者： 安迪·赫茨菲尔德
日期： 1981年4月
人物： 比尔·阿特金森、伯勒尔·史密斯、里奇·佩吉、韦恩·罗辛、汤姆·马洛伊
主题： 硬件设计、管理、Lisa
概括： 关于苹果第一代Macintosh的开发以及制造它的人的轶事: Lisa 的屏幕分辨率与 Macintosh 不同
From the very start, the Lisa was designed to be a machine for offices, and making documents was its main use.
Long before it even had a mouse, the Lisa’s creators thought about how it would be used in offices.
In the late 1970s, the best way to know if a computer was meant for offices rather than just for fun was to see if it could show 80 columns of text on its screen.
Lisa从一开始就被设计为办公机器，制作文档是它的主要用途。
早在鼠标出现之前，Lisa 的创造者就考虑了如何在办公室中使用它。
在 20 世纪 70 年代末，要了解一台计算机是否适合办公而不仅仅是为了娱乐，最好的方法是看看它是否可以在屏幕上显示 80 列文本。
The team working on Lisa decided to make the screen better for showing text across the screen, so they could display 80 columns of text in a nice font.
They didn’t think it was as important to make the screen better for scrolling up and down, because people are used to scrolling up and down when reading text.
The team decided to give Lisa’s screen 720 pixels wide and 360 pixels high, which means that the pixels that make up the screen are twice as tall as they are wide.
This worked well for things like word processing, but it made it a bit tricky for programs that use lots of pictures.
Lisa 的开发团队决定让屏幕更好地在屏幕上显示文本，这样他们就可以用漂亮的字体显示 80 列文本。
他们认为让屏幕更好地上下滚动并不那么重要，因为人们习惯在阅读文本时上下滚动。
团队决定让 Lisa 的屏幕宽 720 像素，高 360 像素，这意味着组成屏幕的像素高是宽的两倍。
这对于文字处理之类的事情很有效，但对于使用大量图片的程序来说有点棘手。
When Burrell changed the Macintosh computer design in December 1980, it surprised everyone at Apple.
The new design was easier to make and used a microprocessor called the Motorola 68000, just like the Lisa computer.
This new design was not only easier but also faster, running at 8 megahertz instead of 5 megahertz.
The Macintosh also had a better display. It had the same amount of pixels in both directions, which made it easier to create colorful pictures and graphics.
This made it simpler to write computer programs that used pictures.
1980 年 12 月，Burrell 改变了 Macintosh 电脑的设计，这让苹果公司的每个人都感到惊讶。
新设计更容易制造，并使用名为 Motorola 68000 的微处理器，就像 Lisa 计算机一样。
这种新设计不仅更简单，而且速度更快，运行速度为 8 兆赫，而不是 5 兆赫。
麦金塔电脑也有更好的显示效果。它在两个方向上具有相同数量的像素，这使得创建彩色图片和图形变得更加容易。
这使得编写使用图片的计算机程序变得更加简单。
Bill Atkinson, who made a computer program called Quickdraw and helped design the Lisa’s graphics, thought it was best to use square dots.
However, not everyone on the Lisa team agreed with him.
Tom Malloy, who was the first person Apple hired from a special place called Xerox PARC and made the Lisa word processor, thought it would be better to have more detail in the pictures.
But then someone created a machine that used square dots and compared it to the Lisa.
比尔·阿特金森（Bill Atkinson）开发了一个名为 Quickdraw 的计算机程序，并帮助设计了 Lisa 的图形，他认为最好使用方点。
然而，丽莎团队中并非所有人都同意他的观点。
汤姆·马洛伊 (Tom Malloy) 是苹果公司从施乐帕洛阿尔托研究中心 (Xerox PARC) 的一个特殊地方聘用的第一人，他负责生产 Lisa 文字处理器，他认为在图片中提供更多细节会更好。
但后来有人创造了一台使用方点的机器，并将其与 Lisa 进行比较。
The Lisa computer was almost ready, and Bill wanted to make some changes. He suggested using square dots instead of the usual round ones.
He talked to his friend Burrell, and Burrell spent the weekend drawing a new design for the Macintosh computer.
This design had more memory, a bigger screen, square dots, and would work faster than the current Lisa design.
Bill asked Wayne, in charge of the Lisa team, to think about using some of Burrell’s ideas.
He arranged for the leaders of the Lisa team to see the current Macintosh and learn about Burrell’s new design.
丽莎电脑快准备好了，比尔想做一些改变。他建议使用方点而不是通常的圆点。
他与他的朋友伯勒尔交谈，伯勒尔花了周末为麦金塔电脑绘制了新设计。
这种设计有更多的内存、更大的屏幕、方点，并且比当前的 Lisa 设计运行得更快。
比尔请负责丽莎团队的韦恩考虑使用伯勒尔的一些想法。
他安排 Lisa 团队的领导参观了当前的 Macintosh，并了解了 Burrell 的新设计。
Wayne Rosing took a few important people from his company to Texaco Towers for a meeting on a Monday afternoon.
The important people were Rich, Paul, and Bruce. They showed them some cool graphics on computers.
Bill Atkinson talked about the graphics and explained how they worked.
Then, Burrell shared his ideas for making the computer display bigger.
Everyone looked happy and impressed. Bill thought they might choose to make the computer display bigger.
周一下午，韦恩·罗辛 (Wayne Rosing) 带着公司的几位重要人士前往德士古大厦 (Texaco Towers) 参加会议。
最重要的人物是里奇、保罗和布鲁斯。他们在电脑上向他们展示了一些很酷的图形。
比尔·阿特金森谈论了图形并解释了它们的工作原理。
然后，伯勒尔分享了他使计算机显示屏更大的想法。
每个人看起来都很高兴并且印象深刻。比尔认为他们可能会选择把电脑显示屏做得更大。
Bill told us some bad news. Wayne decided not to change the Lisa computer’s design because there wasn’t enough time.
The Lisa was supposed to be released soon, in less than a year. It finally came out two years later, with the same old screen resolution and slow computer processing.
This caused problems later on. In 1984, Apple made it possible for Lisa to run Macintosh programs.
But these programs looked distorted and weird because their screen resolution was different from Lisa’s.
This would have been a big problem for Apple if they hadn’t stopped making the Lisa in 1985.
比尔告诉我们一些坏消息。韦恩决定不改变丽莎计算机的设计，因为时间不够。
Lisa 应该很快就会发布，不到一年。两年后，它终于问世了，屏幕分辨率与旧版本相同，但计算机处理速度却很慢。
这导致了后来的问题。 1984 年，Apple 使 Lisa 能够运行 Macintosh 程序。
但这些程序看起来扭曲且奇怪，因为它们的屏幕分辨率与丽莎的不同。
如果苹果公司没有在 1985 年停止生产 Lisa，这对苹果来说将是一个大问题。
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It had the same amount of pixels in both directions, which made it easier to create colorful pictures and graphics."},{"zh":"这使得编写使用图片的计算机程序变得更加简单。","en":"This made it simpler to write computer programs that used pictures."},{"zh":"比尔·阿特金森（Bill Atkinson）开发了一个名为 Quickdraw 的计算机程序，并帮助设计了 Lisa 的图形，他认为最好使用方点。","en":"Bill Atkinson, who made a computer program called Quickdraw and helped design the Lisa's graphics, thought it was best to use square dots."},{"zh":"然而，丽莎团队中并非所有人都同意他的观点。","en":"However, not everyone on the Lisa team agreed with him."},{"zh":"汤姆·马洛伊 (Tom Malloy) 是苹果公司从施乐帕洛阿尔托研究中心 (Xerox PARC) 的一个特殊地方聘用的第一人，他负责生产 Lisa 文字处理器，他认为在图片中提供更多细节会更好。","en":"Tom Malloy, who was the first person Apple hired from a special place called Xerox PARC and made the Lisa word processor, thought it would be better to have more detail in the pictures."},{"zh":"但后来有人创造了一台使用方点的机器，并将其与 Lisa 进行比较。","en":"But then someone created a machine that used square dots and compared it to the Lisa."},{"zh":"丽莎电脑快准备好了，比尔想做一些改变。他建议使用方点而不是通常的圆点。","en":"The Lisa computer was almost ready, and Bill wanted to make some changes. He suggested using square dots instead of the usual round ones."},{"zh":"他与他的朋友伯勒尔交谈，伯勒尔花了周末为麦金塔电脑绘制了新设计。","en":"He talked to his friend Burrell, and Burrell spent the weekend drawing a new design for the Macintosh computer."},{"zh":"这种设计有更多的内存、更大的屏幕、方点，并且比当前的 Lisa 设计运行得更快。","en":"This design had more memory, a bigger screen, square dots, and would work faster than the current Lisa design."},{"zh":"比尔请负责丽莎团队的韦恩考虑使用伯勒尔的一些想法。","en":"Bill asked Wayne, in charge of the Lisa team, to think about using some of Burrell's ideas."},{"zh":"他安排 Lisa 团队的领导参观了当前的 Macintosh，并了解了 Burrell 的新设计。","en":"He arranged for the leaders of the Lisa team to see the current Macintosh and learn about Burrell's new design."},{"zh":"周一下午，韦恩·罗辛 (Wayne Rosing) 带着公司的几位重要人士前往德士古大厦 (Texaco Towers) 参加会议。","en":"Wayne Rosing took a few important people from his company to Texaco Towers for a meeting on a Monday afternoon."},{"zh":"最重要的人物是里奇、保罗和布鲁斯。他们在电脑上向他们展示了一些很酷的图形。","en":"The important people were Rich, Paul, and Bruce. They showed them some cool graphics on computers."},{"zh":"比尔·阿特金森谈论了图形并解释了它们的工作原理。","en":"Bill Atkinson talked about the graphics and explained how they worked."},{"zh":"然后，伯勒尔分享了他使计算机显示屏更大的想法。","en":"Then, Burrell shared his ideas for making the computer display bigger."},{"zh":"每个人看起来都很高兴并且印象深刻。比尔认为他们可能会选择把电脑显示屏做得更大。","en":"Everyone looked happy and impressed. Bill thought they might choose to make the computer display bigger."},{"zh":"比尔告诉我们一些坏消息。韦恩决定不改变丽莎计算机的设计，因为时间不够。","en":"Bill told us some bad news. Wayne decided not to change the Lisa computer's design because there wasn't enough time."},{"zh":"Lisa 应该很快就会发布，不到一年。两年后，它终于问世了，屏幕分辨率与旧版本相同，但计算机处理速度却很慢。","en":"The Lisa was supposed to be released soon, in less than a year. It finally came out two years later, with the same old screen resolution and slow computer processing."},{"zh":"这导致了后来的问题。 1984 年，Apple 使 Lisa 能够运行 Macintosh 程序。","en":"This caused problems later on. In 1984, Apple made it possible for Lisa to run Macintosh programs."},{"zh":"但这些程序看起来扭曲且奇怪，因为它们的屏幕分辨率与丽莎的不同。","en":"But these programs looked distorted and weird because their screen resolution was different from Lisa's."},{"zh":"如果苹果公司没有在 1985 年停止生产 Lisa，这对苹果来说将是一个大问题。","en":"This would have been a big problem for Apple if they hadn't stopped making the Lisa in 1985."}],"paragraphs2d":[[{"zh":"Lisa从一开始就被设计为办公机器，制作文档是它的主要用途。","en":"From the very start, the Lisa was designed to be a machine for offices, and making documents was its main use."},{"zh":"早在鼠标出现之前，Lisa 的创造者就考虑了如何在办公室中使用它。","en":"Long before it even had a mouse, the Lisa's creators thought about how it would be used in offices."},{"zh":"在 20 世纪 70 年代末，要了解一台计算机是否适合办公而不仅仅是为了娱乐，最好的方法是看看它是否可以在屏幕上显示 80 列文本。","en":"In the late 1970s, the best way to know if a computer was meant for offices rather than just for fun was to see if it could show 80 columns of text on its screen."}],[{"zh":"Lisa 的开发团队决定让屏幕更好地在屏幕上显示文本，这样他们就可以用漂亮的字体显示 80 列文本。","en":"The team working on Lisa decided to make the screen better for showing text across the screen, so they could display 80 columns of text in a nice font."},{"zh":"他们认为让屏幕更好地上下滚动并不那么重要，因为人们习惯在阅读文本时上下滚动。","en":"They didn't think it was as important to make the screen better for scrolling up and down, because people are used to scrolling up and down when reading text."},{"zh":"团队决定让 Lisa 的屏幕宽 720 像素，高 360 像素，这意味着组成屏幕的像素高是宽的两倍。","en":"The team decided to give Lisa's screen 720 pixels wide and 360 pixels high, which means that the pixels that make up the screen are twice as tall as they are wide."},{"zh":"这对于文字处理之类的事情很有效，但对于使用大量图片的程序来说有点棘手。","en":"This worked well for things like word processing, but it made it a bit tricky for programs that use lots of pictures."}],[{"zh":"1980 年 12 月，Burrell 改变了 Macintosh 电脑的设计，这让苹果公司的每个人都感到惊讶。","en":"When Burrell changed the Macintosh computer design in December 1980, it surprised everyone at Apple."},{"zh":"新设计更容易制造，并使用名为 Motorola 68000 的微处理器，就像 Lisa 计算机一样。","en":"The new design was easier to make and used a microprocessor called the Motorola 68000, just like the Lisa computer."},{"zh":"这种新设计不仅更简单，而且速度更快，运行速度为 8 兆赫，而不是 5 兆赫。","en":"This new design was not only easier but also faster, running at 8 megahertz instead of 5 megahertz."},{"zh":"麦金塔电脑也有更好的显示效果。它在两个方向上具有相同数量的像素，这使得创建彩色图片和图形变得更加容易。","en":"The Macintosh also had a better display. It had the same amount of pixels in both directions, which made it easier to create colorful pictures and graphics."},{"zh":"这使得编写使用图片的计算机程序变得更加简单。","en":"This made it simpler to write computer programs that used pictures."}],[{"zh":"比尔·阿特金森（Bill Atkinson）开发了一个名为 Quickdraw 的计算机程序，并帮助设计了 Lisa 的图形，他认为最好使用方点。","en":"Bill Atkinson, who made a computer program called Quickdraw and helped design the Lisa's graphics, thought it was best to use square dots."},{"zh":"然而，丽莎团队中并非所有人都同意他的观点。","en":"However, not everyone on the Lisa team agreed with him."},{"zh":"汤姆·马洛伊 (Tom Malloy) 是苹果公司从施乐帕洛阿尔托研究中心 (Xerox PARC) 的一个特殊地方聘用的第一人，他负责生产 Lisa 文字处理器，他认为在图片中提供更多细节会更好。","en":"Tom Malloy, who was the first person Apple hired from a special place called Xerox PARC and made the Lisa word processor, thought it would be better to have more detail in the pictures."},{"zh":"但后来有人创造了一台使用方点的机器，并将其与 Lisa 进行比较。","en":"But then someone created a machine that used square dots and compared it to the Lisa."}],[{"zh":"丽莎电脑快准备好了，比尔想做一些改变。他建议使用方点而不是通常的圆点。","en":"The Lisa computer was almost ready, and Bill wanted to make some changes. He suggested using square dots instead of the usual round ones."},{"zh":"他与他的朋友伯勒尔交谈，伯勒尔花了周末为麦金塔电脑绘制了新设计。","en":"He talked to his friend Burrell, and Burrell spent the weekend drawing a new design for the Macintosh computer."},{"zh":"这种设计有更多的内存、更大的屏幕、方点，并且比当前的 Lisa 设计运行得更快。","en":"This design had more memory, a bigger screen, square dots, and would work faster than the current Lisa design."},{"zh":"比尔请负责丽莎团队的韦恩考虑使用伯勒尔的一些想法。","en":"Bill asked Wayne, in charge of the Lisa team, to think about using some of Burrell's ideas."},{"zh":"他安排 Lisa 团队的领导参观了当前的 Macintosh，并了解了 Burrell 的新设计。","en":"He arranged for the leaders of the Lisa team to see the current Macintosh and learn about Burrell's new design."}],[{"zh":"周一下午，韦恩·罗辛 (Wayne Rosing) 带着公司的几位重要人士前往德士古大厦 (Texaco Towers) 参加会议。","en":"Wayne Rosing took a few important people from his company to Texaco Towers for a meeting on a Monday afternoon."},{"zh":"最重要的人物是里奇、保罗和布鲁斯。他们在电脑上向他们展示了一些很酷的图形。","en":"The important people were Rich, Paul, and Bruce. They showed them some cool graphics on computers."},{"zh":"比尔·阿特金森谈论了图形并解释了它们的工作原理。","en":"Bill Atkinson talked about the graphics and explained how they worked."},{"zh":"然后，伯勒尔分享了他使计算机显示屏更大的想法。","en":"Then, Burrell shared his ideas for making the computer display bigger."},{"zh":"每个人看起来都很高兴并且印象深刻。比尔认为他们可能会选择把电脑显示屏做得更大。","en":"Everyone looked happy and impressed. Bill thought they might choose to make the computer display bigger."}],[{"zh":"比尔告诉我们一些坏消息。韦恩决定不改变丽莎计算机的设计，因为时间不够。","en":"Bill told us some bad news. Wayne decided not to change the Lisa computer's design because there wasn't enough time."},{"zh":"Lisa 应该很快就会发布，不到一年。两年后，它终于问世了，屏幕分辨率与旧版本相同，但计算机处理速度却很慢。","en":"The Lisa was supposed to be released soon, in less than a year. It finally came out two years later, with the same old screen resolution and slow computer processing."},{"zh":"这导致了后来的问题。 1984 年，Apple 使 Lisa 能够运行 Macintosh 程序。","en":"This caused problems later on. In 1984, Apple made it possible for Lisa to run Macintosh programs."},{"zh":"但这些程序看起来扭曲且奇怪，因为它们的屏幕分辨率与丽莎的不同。","en":"But these programs looked distorted and weird because their screen resolution was different from Lisa's."},{"zh":"如果苹果公司没有在 1985 年停止生产 Lisa，这对苹果来说将是一个大问题。","en":"This would have been a big problem for Apple if they hadn't stopped making the Lisa in 1985."}]]}