使用golang操作文件和目录
概要
UNIX 的一个基础设计就是”万物皆文件”(everything is a file). 我们不必知道一个文件到底映射成什么,操作系统的设备驱动抽象成文件.操作系统为设备提供了文件格式的接口.
Go语言中的reader和writer接口也类似.我们只需简单的读写字节,不必知道reader的数据来自哪里,也不必知道writer将数据发送到哪里. 您可以在/dev下查看可用的设备,有些可能需要较高的权限才能访问.
1.创建空文件
package main
import (
"log"
"os"
)
func main() {
emptyFile, err := os.Create("empty.txt")
if err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
log.Println(emptyFile)
emptyFile.Close()
}
创建空文件
package main
import (
"log"
"os"
)
func main() {
_, err := os.Stat("test")
if os.IsNotExist(err) {
errDir := os.MkdirAll("test", 0755)
if errDir != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
}
}
重命名文件
package main
import (
"log"
"os"
)
func main() {
oldName := "test.txt"
newName := "testing.txt"
err := os.Rename(oldName, newName)
if err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
}
移动文件
os.Rename()
可以用来重命名和移动文件
package main
import (
"log"
"os"
)
func main() {
oldLocation := "/var/www/html/test.txt"
newLocation := "/var/www/html/src/test.txt"
err := os.Rename(oldLocation, newLocation)
if err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
}
复制文件
io.Coppy
是复制文件的关键
package main
import (
"io"
"log"
"os"
)
func main() {
sourceFile, err := os.Open("/var/www/html/src/test.txt")
if err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
defer sourceFile.Close()
// Create new file
newFile, err := os.Create("/var/www/html/test.txt")
if err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
defer newFile.Close()
bytesCopied, err := io.Copy(newFile, sourceFile)
if err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
log.Printf("Copied %d bytes.", bytesCopied)
}
获取文件的metadata信息: os.Stat()
package main
import (
"fmt"
"log"
"os"
)
func main() {
fileStat, err := os.Stat("test.txt")
if err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
fmt.Println("File Name:", fileStat.Name()) // Base name of the file
fmt.Println("Size:", fileStat.Size()) // Length in bytes for regular files
fmt.Println("Permissions:", fileStat.Mode()) // File mode bits
fmt.Println("Last Modified:", fileStat.ModTime()) // Last modification time
fmt.Println("Is Directory: ", fileStat.IsDir()) // Abbreviation for Mode().IsDir()
}
删除文件: os.Remove()
package main
import (
"log"
"os"
)
func main() {
err := os.Remove("/var/www/html/test.txt")
if err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
}
读取文件字符: bufio.NewScanner()
package main
import (
"bufio"
"fmt"
"io/ioutil"
"os"
"strings"
)
func main() {
filename := "test.txt"
filebuffer, err := ioutil.ReadFile(filename)
if err != nil {
fmt.Println(err)
os.Exit(1)
}
inputdata := string(filebuffer)
data := bufio.NewScanner(strings.NewReader(inputdata))
data.Split(bufio.ScanRunes)
for data.Scan() {
fmt.Print(data.Text())
}
}
清除文件
os.Truncate()
说明
- 裁剪一个文件到100个字节.
- 如果文件本来就少于100个字节,则文件中原始内容得以保留,剩余的字节以null字节填充.
- 如果文件本来超过100个字节,则超过的字节会被抛弃.
- 这样我们总是得到精确的100个字节的文件.
- 传入0则会清空文件.
package main
import (
"log"
"os"
)
func main() {
err := os.Truncate("test.txt", 100)
if err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
}
向文件添加内容
package main
import (
"fmt"
"os"
)
func main() {
message := "Add this content at end"
filename := "test.txt"
f, err := os.OpenFile(filename, os.O_RDWR|os.O_APPEND|os.O_CREATE, 0660)
if err != nil {
fmt.Println(err)
os.Exit(-1)
}
defer f.Close()
fmt.Fprintf(f, "%s\n", message)
}
修改文件权限,时间戳
package main
import (
"log"
"os"
"time"
)
func main() {
// Test File existence.
_, err := os.Stat("test.txt")
if err != nil {
if os.IsNotExist(err) {
log.Fatal("File does not exist.")
}
}
log.Println("File exist.")
// Change permissions Linux.
err = os.Chmod("test.txt", 0777)
if err != nil {
log.Println(err)
}
// Change file ownership.
err = os.Chown("test.txt", os.Getuid(), os.Getgid())
if err != nil {
log.Println(err)
}
// Change file timestamps.
addOneDayFromNow := time.Now().Add(24 * time.Hour)
lastAccessTime := addOneDayFromNow
lastModifyTime := addOneDayFromNow
err = os.Chtimes("test.txt", lastAccessTime, lastModifyTime)
if err != nil {
log.Println(err)
}
}
压缩文件到ZIP格式
package main
import (
"archive/zip"
"fmt"
"io"
"log"
"os"
)
func appendFiles(filename string, zipw *zip.Writer) error {
file, err := os.Open(filename)
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("Failed to open %s: %s", filename, err)
}
defer file.Close()
wr, err := zipw.Create(filename)
if err != nil {
msg := "Failed to create entry for %s in zip file: %s"
return fmt.Errorf(msg, filename, err)
}
if _, err := io.Copy(wr, file); err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("Failed to write %s to zip: %s", filename, err)
}
return nil
}
func main() {
flags := os.O_WRONLY | os.O_CREATE | os.O_TRUNC
file, err := os.OpenFile("test.zip", flags, 0644)
if err != nil {
log.Fatalf("Failed to open zip for writing: %s", err)
}
defer file.Close()
var files = []string{"test1.txt", "test2.txt", "test3.txt"}
zipw := zip.NewWriter(file)
defer zipw.Close()
for _, filename := range files {
if err := appendFiles(filename, zipw); err != nil {
log.Fatalf("Failed to add file %s to zip: %s", filename, err)
}
}
}
读取ZIP文件里面的文件
package main
import (
"archive/zip"
"fmt"
"log"
"os"
)
func listFiles(file *zip.File) error {
fileread, err := file.Open()
if err != nil {
msg := "Failed to open zip %s for reading: %s"
return fmt.Errorf(msg, file.Name, err)
}
defer fileread.Close()
fmt.Fprintf(os.Stdout, "%s:", file.Name)
if err != nil {
msg := "Failed to read zip %s for reading: %s"
return fmt.Errorf(msg, file.Name, err)
}
fmt.Println()
return nil
}
func main() {
read, err := zip.OpenReader("test.zip")
if err != nil {
msg := "Failed to open: %s"
log.Fatalf(msg, err)
}
defer read.Close()
for _, file := range read.File {
if err := listFiles(file); err != nil {
log.Fatalf("Failed to read %s from zip: %s", file.Name, err)
}
}
}
解压ZIP文件
package main
import (
"archive/zip"
"io"
"log"
"os"
"path/filepath"
)
func main() {
zipReader, _ := zip.OpenReader("test.zip")
for _, file := range zipReader.Reader.File {
zippedFile, err := file.Open()
if err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
defer zippedFile.Close()
targetDir := "./"
extractedFilePath := filepath.Join(
targetDir,
file.Name,
)
if file.FileInfo().IsDir() {
log.Println("Directory Created:", extractedFilePath)
os.MkdirAll(extractedFilePath, file.Mode())
} else {
log.Println("File extracted:", file.Name)
outputFile, err := os.OpenFile(
extractedFilePath,
os.O_WRONLY|os.O_CREATE|os.O_TRUNC,
file.Mode(),
)
if err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
defer outputFile.Close()
_, err = io.Copy(outputFile, zippedFile)
if err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
}
}
}